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                <i class="fas fa-angle-double-right"></i>git基础
            
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            <h1 id="流程"><a href="#流程" class="headerlink" title="流程"></a>流程</h1><p>工作区(我们当前的文件夹)<br>暂存区(add 提交之后文件所存在的位置)<br>仓库(commit 之后将暂存区提交到的地方)</p>
<p>首先是init初始化我们的工作区，这时候当前存在.git文件的就是我们的工作区，当前路径为我们的根目录<br>在工作区创建一个新的文件test.txt，<br>git add 之后文件上传到暂存区，我们可以用git status 会记录当前暂存区的操作<br>git diff可以比较工作区和暂存区的差异，当然这里是没有任何差异的，因为他们是同样的两份文件<br>修改test.txt 之后再去git diff 你会发现他们之间存在着差异，因为这个时候他们已经不是同样两份文件了<br>假如你再次 使用Git add . 再用git diff 时又没有差异了</p>
<h2 id="安装"><a href="#安装" class="headerlink" title="安装"></a>安装</h2><pre><code class="bash"># ubuntu
sudo apt-get install git
# centos 
yum install git -y
# mac 
brew install git</code></pre>
<h2 id="全局声明用户"><a href="#全局声明用户" class="headerlink" title="全局声明用户"></a>全局声明用户</h2><p>git config –global user.name “your name”<br>git config –global user.email “<a href="mailto:xxx@xxx.com">xxx@xxx.com</a>“</p>
<h2 id="声明仓库-必须"><a href="#声明仓库-必须" class="headerlink" title="声明仓库  必须"></a>声明仓库  必须</h2><p>mkdir test<br>cd test<br>git init </p>
<p>会生成一个.git的仓库管理文件,如果你使用了zsh的主题，你会发现多了一个master 这是你当前的分支，也仅仅只有这个分支</p>
<p>git add . —&gt; 将文件放到暂存区<br>git commit —&gt; 将文件提交到当前分支 master</p>
<p><strong>声明仓库内容  不一定</strong><br>既然是作为开源共享的项目或者说是线上多平台交互的私库，那一定需要一个专门解释这个仓库是做什么的文件—&gt; README.md<br>git add README.md</p>
<h2 id="提交并提供信息"><a href="#提交并提供信息" class="headerlink" title="提交并提供信息"></a>提交并提供信息</h2><p>将文件提交到仓库</p>
<pre><code class="bash">git commit -m &quot;your message&quot;</code></pre>
<h2 id="添加文件"><a href="#添加文件" class="headerlink" title="添加文件"></a>添加文件</h2><pre><code class="bash">git add xxx.txt
git add . #添加当前文件夹所有文件 </code></pre>
<h2 id="查看状态"><a href="#查看状态" class="headerlink" title="查看状态"></a>查看状态</h2><p>git status</p>
<pre><code class="bash"># 添加文件后的状态
 alpaca@hzj  ~/hzj/tu   master ●  git add README.md
 alpaca@hzj  ~/hzj/tu   master ✚  git status
On branch master
Changes to be committed:
  (use &quot;git reset HEAD &lt;file&gt;...&quot; to unstage)

        modified:   README.md


# 提交 commit 后的状态
 alpaca@hzj  ~/hzj/tu   master ✚  git commit -m &quot;update some file&quot;
[master ff070f9] update some file
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+)
 alpaca@hzj  ~/hzj/tu   master 

# 状态
  alpaca@hzj  ~/hzj/tu   master  git status
On branch master
nothing to commit, working tree clean</code></pre>
<h2 id="查看日志"><a href="#查看日志" class="headerlink" title="查看日志"></a>查看日志</h2><p>当你每一次使用commit 将文件提交到当前分支的时候，记录下每一个步骤<br>查看使用</p>
<pre><code class="bash"># 查看日志
git log

commit bb3c0e3a1e850af0c70d3ce3a22995eaae177e82 (HEAD -&gt; master)
Author: alpaca &lt;1097690268@qq.com&gt;
Date:   Thu Nov 21 11:46:24 2019 +0800

    update

commit ff070f92dee18935752e5a98b2310d275e1191b6
Author: alpaca &lt;1097690268@qq.com&gt;
Date:   Thu Nov 21 11:42:58 2019 +0800

    update some file

commit 230660d585a95b90e3c6176ad21664c1b10f746a
Author: alpaca &lt;1097690268@qq.com&gt;
Date:   Thu Nov 21 10:37:04 2019 +0800

    update some markdown file


# 仅查看版本号
git log --pretty=oneline
# 指定版本号 如果你装了zsh 按tab就会出来commit_id
git log commit_id </code></pre>
<p>由随机码(版本号) + 作者 + 日期 + commit_message 组成</p>
<h2 id="回退操作"><a href="#回退操作" class="headerlink" title="回退操作"></a>回退操作</h2><p>版本回退，首先我们要知道一个事情 git log 只会记录下commit的过程，也就是上传到当前分支的过程，因此回退操作他并不会记录，但是他会重载之前的log状态，也就是当你一共提交了3次内容，你回退到了第三次提交前的版本。那么你的第三次提交log并不会被记录</p>
<pre><code class="bash"># 回退add操作  checkout -- file  暂存区 --&gt; 工作区
git checkout -- file

# 回退connit操作上  仓库 ---&gt; 暂存区
git reset --hard commit_id 

# 查看回退日志
git reflog</code></pre>
<h2 id="提交远程仓库"><a href="#提交远程仓库" class="headerlink" title="提交远程仓库"></a>提交远程仓库</h2><p>之前的操作都是本地的，包括最后一步git commit 也只是提交到了本地的仓库。为了更好的保存内容，我们已经引入云仓库或者说托管我们的项目</p>
<pre><code class="bash"># 添加远程仓库地址
git remote add origin https://gitee.com/Alpaca-H/how-to-learn-git.git 

# 提交当前分支到远程仓库
git push  origin master

# 建议第一次使用push -u
# Git不但会把本地的master分支内容推送的远程新的master分支，还会把本地的master分支和远程的master分支关联起来 在以后的推送或者拉取时就可以简化命令。</code></pre>
<h2 id="从远程仓库下载"><a href="#从远程仓库下载" class="headerlink" title="从远程仓库下载"></a>从远程仓库下载</h2><pre><code class="bash">git clone https://gitee.com/Alpaca-H/how-to-learn-git.git</code></pre>
<p>第一次提交的存在的问题</p>
<pre><code class="bash"> ! [rejected]        master -&gt; master (fetch first)
error: failed to push some refs to &#39;https://gitee.com/Alpaca-H/how-to-learn-git.git&#39;
hint: Updates were rejected because the remote contains work that you do
hint: not have locally. This is usually caused by another repository pushing
hint: to the same ref. You may want to first integrate the remote changes
hint: (e.g., &#39;git pull ...&#39;) before pushing again.
hint: See the &#39;Note about fast-forwards&#39; in &#39;git push --help&#39; for details. </code></pre>
<p>如果你是在 码云上创建的项目，它本身就存在两个README文件，也就是说仓库中本身就存在文件了，这时候你删掉这两个也没用，(github上好像没这个问题)<br>我们需要同步远程仓库，也就是拉取下来并用–allow-unrelated-histories 合并</p>
<pre><code class="bash">git pull origin master --allow-unrelated-histories   
git commit -m &quot;xxx&quot; #重新提交
git push origin master</code></pre>
<h2 id="从远程仓库下载-–-指定分支"><a href="#从远程仓库下载-–-指定分支" class="headerlink" title="从远程仓库下载 – 指定分支"></a>从远程仓库下载 – 指定分支</h2><pre><code class="bash">git clone -b hzj_branch https://gitee.com/Alpaca-H/how-to-learn-git.git </code></pre>
<h2 id="分支管理"><a href="#分支管理" class="headerlink" title="分支管理"></a>分支管理</h2><pre><code class="bash"># 创建分支  
git branch hzj
# 切换分支
git checkout hzj

# 创建并切换分支
git checkout -b hzj

# 查看当前分支
git branch</code></pre>
<p>记住上面的只是分支管理，他只是在你的本地有了分支，在你没有push之前所有的一切都是本地操作</p>
<h2 id="分支管理2"><a href="#分支管理2" class="headerlink" title="分支管理2"></a>分支管理2</h2><pre><code class="bash"># 切换到新的分支 
git swicth -c dev
# 切换到已有分支
git swicth dev</code></pre>
<pre><code class="bash"># 添加文件
echo &quot;我是hzj分支&quot; &gt; README2.md
git add README2.md
git commit -m &quot;update hzj&quot;
git push -u origin  hzj # 提交到hzj的分支</code></pre>
<h2 id="合并分支"><a href="#合并分支" class="headerlink" title="合并分支"></a>合并分支</h2><p>进入master</p>
<pre><code class="bash">git  merge hzj # 合并在本地仓库的文件</code></pre>
<h2 id="删除分支"><a href="#删除分支" class="headerlink" title="删除分支"></a>删除分支</h2><pre><code class="bash">git branch -d hzj </code></pre>
<h2 id="分支同步主干"><a href="#分支同步主干" class="headerlink" title="分支同步主干"></a>分支同步主干</h2><pre><code class="bash"># 切换到master分支
git checkout master 
# 下拉master
git pull origin master
# 切换分支
git checkout hzj
# 同步分支
git merge  master</code></pre>
<h2 id="主干同步分支-慎用"><a href="#主干同步分支-慎用" class="headerlink" title="主干同步分支(慎用)"></a>主干同步分支(慎用)</h2><pre><code class="bash"># 切换到主分支
git checkout master
# 同步分支
git merge hzj
# 提交
git push origin master </code></pre>
<h2 id="inventory操作"><a href="#inventory操作" class="headerlink" title="inventory操作"></a>inventory操作</h2><ol>
<li>拉取项目<br>git clone <a href="https://gitlab.s.upyun.com/infrastructure/inventory.gigit" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://gitlab.s.upyun.com/infrastructure/inventory.gigit</a> clone <a href="https://gitlab.s.upyun.com/infrastructure/inventory.git" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://gitlab.s.upyun.com/infrastructure/inventory.git</a></li>
<li>查看当前分支<br>git branch</li>
<li>切换分支<br>git checkout hzj</li>
<li>修改内容<br>…</li>
<li>上传<br>git commit -am “update”<br>git push<br>到web端创建合并请求</li>
<li>更新<br>首先切换到master，<br>拉取最新git pull<br>切换次分支 git checkout hzj<br>合并更新分支到hzj分支 git merge origin hzj</li>
</ol>
<p>发消息给有master权限的人，交由master来合并</p>

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            <li><strong>本文标题：</strong><a href="http://alpaca-h.gitee.io/2019/12/29/blog_back_new/git/git%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80/">git基础</a></li>
            <li><strong>本文作者：</strong><a href="http://alpaca-h.gitee.io">Alpaca</a></li>
            <li><strong>本文链接：</strong><a href="http://alpaca-h.gitee.io/2019/12/29/blog_back_new/git/git%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80/">http://alpaca-h.gitee.io/2019/12/29/blog_back_new/git/git%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80/</a></li>
            <li><strong>发布时间：</strong>2019-12-29</li>
            <li><strong>版权声明：</strong>本博客所有文章除特别声明外，均采用 <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/deed.zh" rel="external nofollow" target="_blank">CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</a> 许可协议。转载请注明出处！
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        <span class="has-mr-6">1.17</span>
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